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Maintaining Reliable, Compliant Operation of Dry Scrubbers in Low and Transient Load Conditions
Many coal fired generating facilities that were originally designed for base load conditions are now operating for extended periods of low and transient load conditions. Operators of facilities equipped with dry scrubbers must adapt to this “new normal” situation to maintain scrubber performance that is compliant, reliable and efficient. This paper will present controllable factors affecting overall dry scrubber performance with a focus on recent developments in optimizing load following performance by controlling approach to saturation temperature. The theoretical background will be discussed along with a case study that illustrates practical implementation actions and program results.
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Reduction of Scrubber Operating Cost by Lime Slaking Process Optimization
Power generating facilities in the U.S. spend over $200 million per year on lime for flue gas desulfurization. A typical dry scrubber equipped plant spends between $1 million and $4 million per year; at these plants, lime expenditure is one of the plant's largest operating costs for a consumable material, second only to fuel. Recent experience has shown that lime slaking process optimization can reduce lime consumption by as much as 40%. In addition to reduced lime consumption, other financial and operational benefits of slaking process optimization may include reduced corrosion in downstream components, greater safety and system dependability. Read More...
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Lime Usage Reduction at the Delaware Valley Resource Recovery Facility
American Ref-Fuel's Delaware Valley Resource Recovery Facility is a waste-to-energy plant located near Philadelphia, PA which combusts approximately 3,000 tons of waste per day. The plant is equipped with dry scrubber type flue gas treatment technology using slaked quicklime as the primary reagent. This paper describes a theory of scrubber performance optimization and successful application of that theory to reduce lime usage and achieve other benefits at the Delaware Valley Facility. Read More...
Minimizing Dry Scrubber O&M Cost by Optimization of SDA Outlet Temperature
Experience shows that expenditures for lime consumption and corrosion remediation typically represent the largest components of dry scrubber O&M cost. This presentation will show how the combined cost of lime consumpton and corrosion remediation can be minimized by optimization of SDA outlet temperature using the "Approach Temperature" control concept. Read More...
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Industry Trends and Best Practices in Dry Scrubber Operation
Near-term prospects for the FGD industry are uncertain. Plans for many new coal plants have been cancelled or shelved due to environmental and economic concerns. The market value of scrubbing has fallen >90% in 3 years and natural gas threatens (again) to displace coal as the country's primary power generation fuel source. However, appearances may be deceiving and the long term future looks promising for the FGD industry. Read More...
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Optimizing Scrubber Performance
Coal fired power generating facilities in the U.S. currently spend over $200 million per year on lime for flue gas treatment. This expenditure is expected to increase by more than $100 million per year by 2020, as more stringent emission regulations take effect and 31,000 megawatts of new coal-fired generating capacity are added. Sunflower Electric's Holcomb Station is typical of many coal fired facilities using dry scrubber technology for flue gas treatment. This paper describes a general model applicable to dry scrubber processes and successful application of that model and related principles to reduce lime consumption at Holcomb Station. Read more...
SO2 Control Precision – Lessons Learned, Best Practices and Benefits in Semi-Dry FGD Systems
Lessons learned recently show that SO2 emission can be controlled substantially more precisely than previously experienced in semi-dry FGD systems. Benefits have included enhanced boiler operation, substantial cost savings in terms of lime and flyash disposal, reduced operating workload and increased compliance confidence. By reference to actual case studies, this paper will highlight recent lessons learned, best practices and benefits of SO2 emission control precision in semi-dry FGD systems. Read more...